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Characteristics of Dyslexia The primary difficulties of a student identified as having dyslexia occur in phonemic awareness and manipulation, single-word decoding, reading fluency, and spelling. Secondary consequences of dyslexia may include difficulties in reading comprehension and/or written expression. These difficulties are unexpected for the student’s age, educational level, or cognitive abilities. Additionally, there is often a family history of similar difficulties.
The following are the primary reading/spelling characteristics of dyslexia:
*Difficulty reading real words in isolation; *Difficulty accurately decoding nonsense words; *Slow, inaccurate, or labored oral reading; (lack of reading fluency); *Difficulty with learning to spell.
The reading/spelling characteristics are the result of difficulty with the following:
*The development of phonological awareness, including segmenting, blending, and manipulating sounds in words; *Learning the names of letters and their associated sounds; *Phonological memory (holding information about sounds and words in memory); *Rapid naming of familiar objects, colors, or letters of the alphabet.
Secondary consequences of dyslexia may include the following:
*Variable difficulty with aspects of reading comprehension; *Variable difficulty with aspects of written composition; *A limited amount of time spent in reading activities.
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